What term describes a woman who has given birth to one or more viable offspring?

The term that describes a woman who has given birth to one or more viable offspring is "para." This term comes from the Latin word meaning "to bear" and is used in obstetrics to indicate the number of pregnancies a woman has carried to a viable gestational age, regardless of whether the offspring are alive or not.

In contrast, "nullipara" refers to a woman who has never given birth to a viable offspring, indicating no pregnancies that have resulted in live births. "Multipara" designates a woman who has given birth two or more times, highlighting her experience with multiple pregnancies. Lastly, "primi" or "primipara" is used to describe a woman who is giving birth for the first time. Understanding these terms provides clarity in discussions regarding obstetric history and can help medical professionals communicate effectively about a patient's childbirth experiences.