What surgical procedure involves the removal of one or both ovaries?

The surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or both ovaries is known as oophorectomy. This procedure can be performed for various medical reasons, such as the presence of ovarian cysts, tumors, or in cases of endometriosis. Oophorectomy can be conducted unilaterally (removing one ovary) or bilaterally (removing both ovaries), affecting hormone production and potentially leading to menopausal symptoms if both are removed.

Other procedures listed, while related to the female reproductive system or surgical treatments, serve different purposes. For instance, hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus and may or may not include oophorectomy as part of the surgery. Salpingectomy is the removal of the fallopian tubes, and ventriculostomy pertains to neurosurgery involving the drainage system of the brain. Therefore, oophorectomy is distinctly defined by its focus on ovarian removal.