What happens during intercostal retractions?

Intercostal retractions occur when there is increased work of breathing, indicating that the body is under respiratory distress. During this process, the muscles located between the ribs (the intercostal muscles) are used more actively to assist in expanding the thoracic cavity and drawing air into the lungs. This increased effort is often seen in conditions such as asthma, pneumonia, or other respiratory illnesses where there is airway obstruction or lung disease.

When the intercostal muscles are used more vigorously than normal, it can create a visible indentation or retraction of the skin between the ribs, especially during inhalation. This sign suggests that the individual is struggling to breathe, and their body is compensating for restricted airflow. In this way, intercostal retractions serve as a clinical indicator that highlights the increased work and effort needed to achieve adequate ventilation.

Options that imply a lack of respiratory effort, normal functioning of intercostal muscles, or exclusive diaphragmatic movement do not accurately reflect the physiological changes taking place during intercostal retractions. These choices overlook the critical point that intercostal retractions are a manifestation of respiratory distress requiring further evaluation and management.