What does the term "bulging TM" refer to?

The term "bulging TM" specifically describes a tympanic membrane that is protruding outward. This condition usually occurs due to increased pressure in the middle ear, often as a result of fluid accumulation, such as in cases of otitis media. When fluid builds up behind the tympanic membrane, it can cause the membrane to bulge outward, which can be observed during a physical examination. This bulging is an important clinical sign, as it indicates that there may be underlying issues requiring further assessment and treatment.

In contrast, a flat tympanic membrane indicates a normal status, while an inwardly curved tympanic membrane suggests the opposite of bulging, potentially indicating other health concerns. While fluid in the ear can lead to bulging, the term specifically refers to the appearance of the membrane itself rather than the presence of fluid.