What does icterus indicate?

Icterus specifically refers to the yellowing of the sclera (the white part of the eyes) due to an accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is typically a sign of liver dysfunction or other conditions affecting the metabolism of bilirubin. This yellowing is one of the most recognized clinical signs of jaundice, which encompasses broader symptoms including yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, but icterus is more specific to the eyes.

Understanding icterus is crucial because its presence indicates an underlying issue that could range from hepatitis to hemolytic anemia, prompting further medical evaluation and intervention. The term itself is derived from the Greek word for jaundice and embodies this specific pathological manifestation related to bilirubin levels.