What does hematemesis refer to?

Hematemesis specifically refers to the act of vomiting blood, indicating that there is bleeding within the upper gastrointestinal tract. This can occur due to a number of medical conditions, such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, or esophageal varices, and often requires immediate medical attention, as it may suggest a serious underlying issue. The presence of blood in vomit can appear bright red or have a "coffee ground" appearance, depending on where the bleeding is occurring in the digestive tract. Understanding this term is essential for medical professionals, particularly when assessing patient symptoms and determining the urgency of care needed.