What does Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT) help identify in a patient?

Costovertebral Angle Tenderness (CVAT) is a clinical finding that specifically indicates possible kidney pathology. This tenderness is assessed by tapping on the area where the ribs meet the spine, known as the costovertebral angle, and is often a sign that there may be an underlying condition affecting the kidneys, such as pyelonephritis or nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). The presence of CVAT typically suggests inflammation or infection affecting the renal structures, prompting further investigations to assess kidney function or possible disease.

While other conditions may involve pain in the back or flank region, such as liver disease, spinal injuries, or muscle strains, they do not specifically correlate with the CVAT test. Therefore, the identification of CVAT is a key diagnostic indicator for renal issues, focusing medical evaluation on the kidney rather than other potential sources of pain.