Homan's sign is primarily associated with which condition?

Homan's sign is a clinical test that can indicate the presence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is performed by dorsiflexing the foot while the knee is extended, and a positive result is noted if the patient experiences pain in the calf. This sign has historically been used to suggest that a thrombus may be present in the venous system of the leg.

In the context of deep vein thrombosis, Homan's sign is relevant because DVT can lead to serious complications, such as pulmonary embolism. While it is important to note that Homan's sign is not definitive or widely recommended as a diagnostic tool in contemporary clinical practice — due to its low sensitivity and specificity — it has historically been associated with this condition and is a part of the differential diagnosis process when evaluating a patient suspected of having DVT.

The other options listed, such as fractured tibia, ACL tear, and bone contusion, do not relate to Homan's sign. These conditions may have their own specific clinical tests or symptoms, but they do not involve the venous system or the same physical examination technique used to elicit Homan's sign.