Coronary artery disease is primarily caused by which condition?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances on the walls of the coronary arteries. This process leads to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle. Over time, as atherosclerosis progresses, it can lead to significant cardiovascular issues, including angina (chest pain) and myocardial infarction (heart attack), when the blood supply to the heart is severely reduced or blocked.

While conditions like high blood pressure and acute coronary syndrome can contribute to the overall cardiovascular risk, they are not direct causes of CAD. High blood pressure can exacerbate existing atherosclerosis and strain the heart, but it is a risk factor rather than a primary cause of the disease itself. Acute coronary syndrome reflects the clinical manifestations of CAD, including heart attacks, but it describes the symptoms and outcomes rather than the underlying cause. Understanding that atherosclerosis is the fundamental condition leading to the development of coronary artery disease is crucial for recognizing and managing heart health effectively.